By Eric Stradford, U.S. Marine Corps, Retired
AMWS 10
November 2026, Alkebulan -- Donald Trump’s “Secretary of War” may have
dodged a bullet if the Republican-led 119th U.S. Congress follows through on
the most recent impeachment charges. Yesterday,
Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Kentucky) introduced eight articles of impeachment
against Pete Hegseth. Today, marks the
251st Birthday of the United States Marine Corps, an historically
significant event which threatens a national misconception of Hegseth’s #ManifestDestiny.
The next
congressional action for the 119th might be to correct the typo. History reminds every U.S. Marine to
follow your last lawful order first. There is no federal legislation signed by
Donald Trump that established a "Department of War." The official name of the department
remains the Department of Defense, which was created by the National
Security Act of 1947 and later refined through subsequent legislation. The
office of Secretary of Defense was created by Congress and signed into law by
President Harry S. Truman, not by Donald J. Trump.
The confusion
may come from the impeachment resolution. The reference to "Secretary of
War" appears in the impeachment resolution. It states that Hegseth,
Secretary of Defense, is "also referred to as Secretary of War by the
Administration."
Formally,
Hegseth heads of the Department of Defense, a department created by the
National Security Act of 1947. The Act abolished the old Department of War
structure and created the modern national security framework, including the
National Military Establishment (later renamed the Department of Defense) and
the office of Secretary of Defense.
The Act
further defines the relationship between U.S. Marines within the administrative
branch of government. On 10 November
1775, the Continental Congress authorized a Corps of Marines for shipboard
duties during the American Revolution. It was disbanded in 1783 after the Revolutionary
War ended. The United States Marine Corps was officially
reestablished by an act of Congress on July 11, 1798, titled An Act for
Establishing and Organizing a Marine Corps.
In one model
for a more perfect union, "There are no Black Marines, White Marines,
Hispanic Marines, or Asian Marines. There are only Marines." The quote is best understood as a popular
expression of Marine Corps culture rather than a verified quotation that can be
confidently attributed to one individual. Lieutenant General
Frank E. Petersen Jr., the first African American Marine Corps general
officer, often spoke about being viewed first as a Marine rather than through
the lens of race. His sentiment reflects
a long-standing ethos emphasizing a common identity above racial, ethnic,
religious, or social distinctions.
Every U.S.
Marine studies the history of a nation struggling to become more perfect—but not
everybody’s history, herstory, or theirstory. Hegseth’s tenure serves as a reminder of why the
United States of America has Marines. “America
needs an Army to be strong on land, a Navy to be strong at sea, and an Air
Force to be strong in the air, said #BlackJesus. On
November 1, 1921, Lieutenant General John A. LeJeune framed a faith-based narrative
around a non-religious common identity that supersedes racial and cultural
differences. Earlier that year, some brothers from another mother attempted to eradicate
“Little Africa.”
The Tulsa
Race Massacre (often called the Tulsa Race Riot at the time) began on May 31
and continued into June 1, 1921, when a white mob attacked the prosperous Black
community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, an area known as "Black Wall
Street." There was no U.S.
Secretary of War and no Secretary of Defense at the time. The senior civilian official responsible for
the was Army Secretary John W. Weeks, who had taken office on March 4, 1921, in
the administration of President Warren G. Harding.
Many
scholars view the destruction of Greenwood as one of the largest examples, but
not an isolated one. Rather, it was part of a broader pattern in which Black
communities that achieved significant economic success were sometimes targeted
by racial violence or discriminatory policies. There is no exact count because
historians define these events differently, but Tulsa was not unique. From the
end of Reconstruction through the mid-20th century, dozens of Black communities
across the United States experienced race riots, massacres, expulsions,
lynching campaigns, or attacks that destroyed homes, businesses, and
accumulated wealth.
Lejeune, remembered
by some as the "Greatest of All Leathernecks," believed that
education was essential to building an effective and professional Marine Corps.
He founded the Marine Corps Institute (MCI) which offered vocational and
correspondence courses, later evolving into military education and professional
military education (PME) for enlisted Marines.
In 2015, MCI's distance-learning mission moved to the College of
Distance Education and Training (CDET) at Marine
Corps University, and MCI was deactivated.
For Generation
Boomer Marines, completing "MCIs" was a major part of career
progression and self-education. The institute embodied Lejeune's belief that
"the relationship between officer and enlisted Marine is that of teacher
and scholar," a philosophy that continues to influence Marine Corps
professional education today.
On June
1, 1921, there was no U.S. Secretary of Defense. When the events in Tulsa occurred on June
1, 1921, the office of Secretary of War was a congressionally created
cabinet position that had existed for more than 130 years, and it was held by
John W. Weeks, who had taken office on March 4, 1921, in the administration of
President Warren G. Harding. The
position of Secretary of Defense was not created until 1947 under
the National Security Act of 1947, which reorganized the U.S. military after
World War II.
How it
was created
- In 1789, the First
Congress established the Department of War and the position of Secretary
of War. The legislation was signed by President George Washington.
- The Secretary of War was a
civilian cabinet official responsible for overseeing the U.S. Army and, at
various times, matters relating to frontier defense, military affairs, and
even some administrative functions involving Native American affairs.
Constitutional
Basis
Under the
U.S. Constitution, Congress has the authority to:
- Create executive departments.
- Define their duties.
- Appropriate funding for them.
The
President appoints cabinet officers, but the offices themselves generally must
be created by law.
Evolution
of the Position
|
Year |
Change |
|
1789 |
Congress
creates the Department of War and the office of Secretary of War. |
|
1798 |
Congress
creates the separate Department of the Navy. |
|
1921 |
John W.
Weeks serves as Secretary of War during the Tulsa Race Massacre. |
|
1947 |
The
National Security Act of 1947 creates the modern Department of Defense and
the office of Secretary of Defense.
There is no Secretary of War to be impeached because the position would
have required Congress to amend the National Security Act. |
|
1949 |
The
Department of War is officially renamed the Department of the Army,
completing the transition. |





